2D Transformations in Computer Graphics-

 

We have discussed-

• Transformation is a process of modifying and re-positioning the existing graphics.
• 2D Transformations take place in a two dimensional plane.

 

In computer graphics, various transformation techniques are-

 

 

1. Translation
2. Rotation
3. Scaling
4. Reflection
5. Shear

 

In this article, we will discuss about 2D Scaling in Computer Graphics.

 

2D Scaling in Computer Graphics-

 

In computer graphics, scaling is a process of modifying or altering the size of objects.

 

• Scaling may be used to increase or reduce the size of object.
• Scaling subjects the coordinate points of the original object to change.
• Scaling factor determines whether the object size is to be increased or reduced.
• If scaling factor > 1, then the object size is increased.
• If scaling factor < 1, then the object size is reduced.

 

Consider a point object O has to be scaled in a 2D plane.

 

Let-

• Initial coordinates of the object O = (X_old, Y_old)
• Scaling factor for X-axis = S_x
• Scaling factor for Y-axis = S_y
• New coordinates of the object O after scaling = (X_new, Y_new)

 

This scaling is achieved by using the following scaling equations-

• X_new = X_old x S_x
• Y_new = Y_old x S_y

 

In Matrix form, the above scaling equations may be represented as-

 

 

For homogeneous coordinates, the above scaling matrix may be represented as a 3 x 3 matrix as-

 

 

PRACTICE PROBLEMS BASED ON 2D SCALING IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS-

 

Problem-01:

 

Given a square object with coordinate points A(0, 3), B(3, 3), C(3, 0), D(0, 0). Apply the scaling parameter 2 towards X axis and 3 towards Y axis and obtain the new coordinates of the object.

 

Solution-

 

Given-

• Old corner coordinates of the square = A (0, 3), B(3, 3), C(3, 0), D(0, 0)
• Scaling factor along X axis = 2
• Scaling factor along Y axis = 3

 

For Coordinates A(0, 3)

 

Let the new coordinates of corner A after scaling = (X_new, Y_new).

 

Applying the scaling equations, we have-

• X_new = X_old x S_x = 0  x 2 = 0
• Y_new = Y_old x S_y = 3 x 3 = 9

 

Thus, New coordinates of corner A after scaling = (0, 9).

 

For Coordinates B(3, 3)

 

Let the new coordinates of corner B after scaling = (X_new, Y_new).

 

Applying the scaling equations, we have-

• X_new = X_old x S_x = 3  x 2 = 6
• Y_new = Y_old x S_y = 3 x 3 = 9

 

Thus, New coordinates of corner B after scaling = (6, 9).

 

For Coordinates C(3, 0)

 

Let the new coordinates of corner C after scaling = (X_new, Y_new).

 

Applying the scaling equations, we have-

• X_new = X_old x S_x = 3  x 2 = 6
• Y_new = Y_old x S_y = 0 x 3 = 0

 

Thus, New coordinates of corner C after scaling = (6, 0).

 

For Coordinates D(0, 0)

 

Let the new coordinates of corner D after scaling = (X_new, Y_new).

 

Applying the scaling equations, we have-

• X_new = X_old x S_x = 0  x 2 = 0
• Y_new = Y_old x S_y = 0 x 3 = 0

 

Thus, New coordinates of corner D after scaling = (0, 0).

 

Thus, New coordinates of the square after scaling = A (0, 9), B(6, 9), C(6, 0), D(0, 0).

 

 

To gain better understanding about 2D Scaling in Computer Graphics,

Watch this Video Lecture

 

Next Article- 2D Reflection in Computer Graphics

 

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